Which type of zoning change allows a landowner to deviate from existing zoning laws?

A use variance is a specific type of zoning change that permits a landowner to use their property in a manner that is not typically allowed under the existing zoning regulations. This allows for flexibility in how land can be utilized while still maintaining overall community planning goals. For example, if a property is zoned for residential use, a landowner might seek a use variance to operate a small business from their home.

The process of obtaining a use variance typically requires the landowner to demonstrate that strict adherence to the zoning laws would cause unnecessary hardship, and that the proposed use will not alter the character of the neighborhood or be detrimental to the public welfare.

Other options have different functions within zoning regulations: a building permit is primarily focused on ensuring that construction complies with existing zoning and building codes; a developer agreement sets conditions or guidelines for a specific development project rather than altering zoning laws; and a zoning amendment involves changing the actual zoning classification of a property, which is a broader action that doesn't specifically allow for deviation from the existing laws as a use variance does.